Central Fatigue
Central fatigue originates in the central nervous system (CNS) and is linked to changes in brain activity and neurotransmitter balance. This type of fatigue affects the body’s ability to activate muscles and maintain effort.
Key Concepts:
- Alterations in the functioning of the CNS.
- Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.
- Psychological factors like decreased motivation and increased mental fatigue.
Symptoms:
- Reduced force production.
- Impaired coordination.
- Increased perception of effort during physical activities.
Sport Examples:
- Marathon running: Prolonged endurance activities often highlight central fatigue.
- Soccer: The mental and physical demands of continuous play can lead to central fatigue.
Peripheral Fatigue
Peripheral fatigue is localized to the muscles and occurs due to biochemical and structural changes within the muscle fibers. It is largely dependent on the energy systems used and the intensity of the activity.
Key Concepts:
- Accumulation of metabolic by-products such as lactate and hydrogen ions.
- Depletion of energy stores, including glycogen, ATP, and creatine phosphate.
Symptoms:
- Muscle soreness.
- Cramps.
- A sensation of heaviness in the muscles.
Sport Examples:
- Weightlifting: High-intensity resistance training often triggers peripheral fatigue.
- Sprinting: Explosive efforts that rely on anaerobic energy systems are prone to peripheral fatigue.